Have you ever watched a parent press a toy into a child's hands? The child looks at it, frowns, and throws it away. Clearly they don't like it — but the parent is convinced the child simply must play with this particular toy: "It's so beautiful, interesting, high-quality! I barely managed to find it! It was very expensive!" … Awful, isn't it? Bought with such love, and the little person shows no interest in it whatsoever. If you were that adult, would you be upset? Probably. Well, maybe next time you won't buy them a toy like that and you'll listen to them instead — swallowing your disappointment at the fact that your child is not you. Perhaps…

It is precisely in such small moments that the building of something much greater begins — the child's sense of what their own desires are, and whether they have the right to them.

The other path is far more dangerous. It can become the precondition for the development of a false personality — a personality that has lost its autonomy, its uniqueness, and its spontaneity. Because the mother's failure to attune to the child's needs threatens to destroy the young child's sense of their own self.

One of the most frightening outcomes is for the facade to become permanent. In order to hide fear, shame, and guilt, the child reacts through fragmentation, meaning they split into a False Self and a True Self, with the function of the false personality being to protect and conceal the true one.

"The False Self adapts to the demands of others (first and foremost the mother's) and loses touch with its own spontaneous needs and gestures. The child becomes the image that the mother (and others) have of them."

(Atanasov, 2002, p. 212)

In other words, the False Self is the product of a failure in adaptation on the part of the environment.

"Successful seduction of this kind can create a false personality that appears satisfactory to the hasty observer… The false personality, built on a basis of compliance, cannot achieve the independence of maturity, except perhaps a pseudo-maturity in a psychotic environment."

(Winnicott, 2008, p. 332)

The False Self Does Not Disappear With Growing Up

It can manifest through:

• excessive deference to the opinions of others
• difficulty making decisions
• fear of disappointing or being rejected
• a sense of inner emptiness
• the feeling of "living someone else's life"

The false personality is characterised by feelings of unreality and futility, and as a result of the absence of genuine experience, the hidden true self becomes impoverished.

"Only the True Self can be creative and only the True Self can feel real."

— Donald Winnicott

The Role of Psychotherapy

The False Self is not a "mistake". It was often a necessary defence. The problem arises when it becomes the only mode of existence.

Psychotherapy provides a space in which a person can gradually explore their true feelings and needs — without fear of judgement. Within a safe and supportive relationship, the process of reconnecting with the authentic self can begin.

This process involves:

• becoming aware of inner conflicts
• recognising automatic patterns of compliance
• building a more stable sense of identity
• developing the capacity to set boundaries

Gradually, a person begins to live not only according to the expectations of others, but in alignment with themselves.

Allowing Difference

When a parent allows a child to dislike a toy, they are giving them far more than freedom of choice. They are giving them the right to an inner world of their own.

Authenticity does not mean rebellion or selfishness. It means the capacity to recognise and respect one's own experiences.

References

1. Atanasov, N. (2002). Теории психичното развитие в психоанализата. Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov.
2. Winnicott, D. (2008). From Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis (Bulgarian translation). Sofia: Centre for Psychosocial Support.
3. Winnicott, D. W. (2008). Playing and Reality. London: Routledge.
4. Brenner, C. (1993). Psychoanalysis: An Elementary Textbook. Sofia: Open Society Foundation.